Diabetes

Diabetes is a long-term metabolic condition that affects how the body processes and regulates blood sugar (glucose). It occurs when the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or cannot use insulin efficiently. Insulin is a hormone that allows glucose to enter cells to be used for energy. When insulin function is disrupted, blood sugar levels rise, which can lead to a range of short- and long-term health complications.

Symptoms causes types diagnosis treatments prevention FAQ

Symptoms of Diabetes

Diabetes may develop gradually, with symptoms appearing over time, or it can emerge suddenly. Common symptoms include:

Increased Thirst and Frequent Urination: High blood sugar causes the body to remove excess glucose through urine, leading to dehydration and frequent thirst.
Unexplained Weight Loss: When the body is unable to use glucose for energy, it starts breaking down muscle and fat instead, resulting in unintended weight loss.
Persistent Fatigue: When glucose cannot be properly absorbed, cells lack the energy they need, leading to constant tiredness and low energy levels.
Blurred Vision: High blood sugar can cause fluid imbalances in the eye, leading to temporary vision changes.
Slow-Healing Wounds: Elevated blood sugar can affect circulation and impair the immune system, which slows down the body’s ability to heal wounds.

Causes and Risk Factors

Diabetes develops due to a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. Some key contributors include:

Family History

A person with a parent or sibling who has diabetes has a higher likelihood of developing the condition due to inherited genetic factors affecting insulin production and response.
Excess Weight and Obesity

Carrying excess body fat, particularly around the abdomen, increases insulin resistance, making it harder for cells to absorb glucose properly.
Physical Inactivity

Regular movement helps the body regulate blood sugar, while a sedentary lifestyle reduces insulin sensitivity and contributes to weight gain.
Age

The risk of Type 2 diabetes increases after 45, due to slower metabolism, muscle loss, and changes in insulin function.
Gestational Diabetes History

Women who develop diabetes during pregnancy are at a greater risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life, highlighting the need for long-term monitoring.

Types of Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes

An autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It usually develops in childhood or adolescence but can occur at any age. Those with Type 1 diabetes require lifelong insulin therapy.

Type 2 Diabetes

The most common form, occurring when the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough. It develops gradually and is strongly linked to lifestyle factors. It can often be managed with dietary changes, physical activity, medication, and, in some cases, insulin therapy.

Gestational Diabetes

A temporary form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy due to hormonal changes affecting insulin function. It usually resolves after childbirth but increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later.

Diagnostic Methods

Fasting Plasma Glucose Test

Measures blood sugar levels after an overnight fast (at least 8 hours). A reading of 7.0 mmol/L or higher on two separate tests indicates diabetes.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

After fasting, a glucose solution is consumed, and blood sugar levels are measured at intervals. A reading of 11.1 mmol/L or higher after two hours suggests diabetes.
HbA1c Test

Measures average blood sugar levels over approximately three months by assessing the proportion of haemoglobin bound to glucose. A reading of 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) or higher indicates diabetes.
Random Plasma Glucose Test

Measures blood sugar levels at any time, regardless of when food was last consumed. A reading of 11.1 mmol/L or higher, along with symptoms, may indicate diabetes.

Managing and Treating Diabetes

Diabetes management focuses on maintaining blood sugar levels within a target range to reduce complications. A combination of lifestyle changes and medical treatments may be needed.

Dietary Changes

A balanced diet with mindful carbohydrate intake, high-fibre foods, and controlled portions supports stable blood sugar levels.

Physical Activity

Regular exercise improves insulin sensitivity and supports blood sugar control. A combination of aerobic exercises (such as walking or cycling) and strength training is often beneficial.

Weight Management

Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight can improve blood sugar levels and reduce dependence on medication. Structured weight loss programmes can provide long-term benefits.

Oral Medications

Used primarily in Type 2 diabetes to enhance insulin function, increase insulin production, or reduce glucose absorption. Tailored medication is based on blood tests. It is advised to do blood tests regularly based on the doctor’s advice.

Insulin Therapy

Necessary for Type 1 diabetes and sometimes required in Type 2 diabetes when other treatments are insufficient. Insulin is administered via injections or an insulin pump, with different types available to suit individual needs.

Are Your Symptoms
Affecting Your Quality Of Life?

Consult our MOH-accredited specialist for an accurate diagnosis & personalised treatment plan today.

Make an Enquiry

Prevention and Management

Prevention and management involve maintaining a healthy weight through physical activity and balanced nutrition. Regular blood sugar monitoring, medication adherence, and routine medical check-ups help detect and manage complications early. Smoking cessation, blood pressure control, and cholesterol management reduce cardiovascular complications. Regular eye examinations, foot care, and kidney function tests monitor diabetes-related complications.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is prediabetes?

Prediabetes is a condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as diabetes. It indicates an increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, but lifestyle changes can help prevent or delay its progression.

Can stress affect blood sugar levels?

Yes, stress causes the release of hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which can raise blood sugar. Managing stress through relaxation, regular exercise, and quality sleep can help stabilise blood sugar levels.

Do I need to cut out sugar completely if I have diabetes?

No, but moderation is key. Sugar can be included in a balanced diet, with portion control and attention to overall carbohydrate intake. Pairing carbohydrates with fibre, protein, or healthy fats helps maintain stable blood sugar levels.

Billing & Insurance